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| Photo credit (from left to right): Jeanne Christie, ASWM; Rick Lancaster, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Wyoming | |
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Updated 8/31/10 |
Wetland managers face a new set of challenges when addressing the impacts from global climate change. From wetlands protection to management, there are many new and emerging factors included in a growing body of knowledge about climate change and its effects on wetlands. Sea level rise, carbon sequestration, methane and invasive species are among the many topics in recent discussions about wetlands and climate change. It is ASWM's goal to facilitate a working dialogue and to establish an informative resource on this ever-increasingly important topic.
Wetlands, Coastal Communities and Sea Level Rise By Jeanne Christie, Executive Director A useful study which provides a concrete opportunity to better understand how sea level rise will affect coastal communities and coastal resources was recently published in the journal Environmental Research Letters (http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1748- 9326/4/4/044008/erl9_4_044008.pdf). It includes sea level rise planning maps (http://plan.risingsea.net/) for eastern seaboard states from Massachusetts to Florida, which distinguish the developed lands that are likely to be protected from a rising sea from those lands likely to be available for the inland migration of coastal ecosystems. [Read more] “Recommendations for a National Wetlands and Climate Change Initiative” ASWM has posted the “Recommendations for a National Wetlands and Climate Change Initiative” based on Wetlands 2008: Wetlands and Global Climate Change, held on September 16-18, 2008 in Portland, Oregon. ASWM is recommending that federal agencies and Congress create a cooperative National Wetlands and Climate Change Initiative with the states, tribes, local governments, and the private sector. It would build upon existing coordination mechanisms. Please see: http://www.aswm.org/calendar/ wetlands2008/recommendations_ 2008_112008.htm. For a printable version, please see: http://www.aswm.org/calendar/ wetlands2008/ recommendations_2008_112008.pdf |
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| Wetlands and Global Climate Change, by Leah Stetson (February 2007) Seas rise and reshape barrier islands, coastal shorelines and estuaries. Wetlands store a significant amount of carbon. In response to global climate change, wetland scientists and decision-makers have posed the questions: How do we manage wetland with added understanding about climate change and its direct, indirect and long-range effects? Are there ways to mitigate the effects |
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| Wetlands and Climate Change: Management Options, by Jon Kusler, ASWM (2007) (PDF) |
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| REPORTS/STUDIES/PROJECTS | |
| University of East London: New Report on Peatlands and Carbon by Richard Lindsay – Univeristy of East London – June 2010 http://www.uel.ac.uk/erg/Onlinereports.htm |
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| EPA's Office of Water Releases Final Climate Change Strategy This National Water Program Strategy: Response to Climate Change provides an overview of the likely effects of climate change on water resources and the nation’s clean water and safe drinking water programs. This final Strategy also describes over 40 specific actions the National Water Program intends to take to adapt program implementation in light of climate change. To view final Strategy, go to: http://www.epa.gov/water/climatechange/ strategy.html |
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| Americans’ Global Warming Beliefs and Attitudes in June, 2010 A national survey of Americans' global warming beliefs and attitudes. The survey was fielded from May 14 to June 1, 2010 with a nationally representative sample of 1,024 adults, using the online research panel of Knowledge Networks. |
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| Public Support for Climate & Energy Policies in June, 2010 A national survey of Americans' support and opposition to climate and energy policies. The survey was fielded from May 14 to June 1, 2010 with a nationally representative sample of 1,024 adults, using the online research panel of Knowledge Networks. The report includes measures of overall public support for specific policies, a breakdown by political party, and how public support has changed since January, 2010 and November, 2008. To read more and download report, go to: http://environment.yale.edu/climate/news/Public-support-for-climate-energy-policies-in-june-2010/ |
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NOAA Report: climate change could affect ocean species off Marin's shores – June 3, 2010 For links to the report and related resources, visit: http://farallones.noaa.gov/eco/ |
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| Climate Change Discussion Paper The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador is pleased to release a public discussion document entitled Responding to Climate Change In Newfoundland and Labrador. The discussion document is being released to stimulate public discussion on the Provincial Government’s strategy development on climate change and energy efficiency. To view document or submit comments by July 31, 2010, go to: http://www.exec.gov.nl.ca/exec/cceeet/external/discussion.html |
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Coastal States Organization – New Report on Climate Change Adaptation May 2010 – CSO has released a white paper on Climate Change Adaptation, The Faces of Climate Change Adaptation: The need for Proactive Protection of the Nation’s Coasts. The paper explores how coastal states are particularly vulnerable to climate change and examines how some states have begun to adapt to climate change. Although not planned, the release of the paper is particularly timely in conjunction with PEW’s recent paper, Adapting to Climate Change: A Call for Federal Leadership. The paper is a product of the CSO Climate Change Work Group. To read the paper, visit: www.coastalstates.org or http://www.coastalstates.org/uploads/CSO%20White%20 |
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March 22, 2010 – To mark World Water Day 2010 and highlight the need for clean water, the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), today released Water, Wetlands and Forests: A Review of Ecological, Economic and Policy Linkages. The report, produced in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and other partners, aims to foster better awareness of the crucial role that forests and wetlands play in sustaining the availability and quality of water critical for human well-being. The report is available for download at the CBD Technical Series site and hard copies can be ordered free of charge from the CBD Secretariat. |
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| WWF Initiatives to Study the Impact of Climate Change on Himalayan High-altitude Wetlands (HAWs) Mountain Research and Development – February 2010 http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-09-00091.1 |
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| Muskie School: Report Reveals the Warming of Casco Bay University of Southern Maine – February 2010 The Casco Bay Estuary Partnership, housed at the Muskie School, released the report “Climate Change in the Casco Bay Watershed: Past, Present, and Future.” Based on historic climate change data for the Casco Bay region, and on work relating the predictions of global climate models to local conditions, the report reveals striking climate trends in Maine’s most populated watershed. http://blogs.usm.maine.edu/muskie/ 2010/02/01/report-reveals-the-warming-of-casco-bay/ |
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| Report: Warming climate threatens Prairie Pothole Region By Brad Dokken – Grand Folks Herald – February 28, 2010 A new report shows predictions for a warming climate could be devastating to duck production in the Prairie Pothole Region. Published in the February edition of the journal BioScience, the research uses a climate model that predicts average temperatures in the Prairie Pothole Region could rise from 2 to 4 degrees Celsius between 2050 and 2100. For full article, go to: http://www.grandforksherald.com/event/ article/id/152470/group/home/ To go directly to the report by Johnson, Werner, et.al. go to: http://www.fws.gov/home/feature/2010/ pdf/ PrairiePotholesBioScience.pdf |
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 New Report Reveals Bird Conservation Efforts Are Critical in the Face of Climate ChangeNorth American Bird Conservation Initiative, U.S. Committee – 2010 Dr. David Pashley, Vice President of American Bird Conservancy – the nation’s leading bird conservation organization – cautioned today that as climate change impacts are increasingly felt throughout the United States and beyond, conservation efforts affecting birds will take on a doubly important role in protecting not only birds that are already threatened, but also more common birds as well. Dr. Pashley made his comments in connection with today’s release of State of the Birds 2010, the first comprehensive vulnerability assessment of bird species to climate change across the United States. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar announced the report’s release at a press conference in Texas, along with several environmental organizations including American Bird Conservancy that had collaborated on the publication. For full report, go to: http://www.stateofthebirds.org/ |
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| Ramsar Secretariat: Achieving Carbon Offsets through Mangroves and Other Wetlands Danone Fund for Nature –.2009 As part of implementing the “Danone Fund for Nature”(DFN) – a partnership between the Danone Group, IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature and the Ramsar Convention – an expert workshop was held in Gland, Switzerland in November 2009. The workshop brought together those directly involved in the implementation of the Danone Fund for Nature with a wider group of experts from other organizations, including Ramsar’s Scientific & Technical Review Panel (STRP), with expertise in one or more aspects of mangrove restoration, wetland restoration, carbon measurement (in mangroves and other types of wetland), and carbon offsets and markets, for the purpose of reviewing and advising on the further development of the Danone/IUCN/Ramsar initiative in the context of other wetland-related carbon storage and offsets initiatives and projects, and with a particular focus on mangroves. The workshop resulted in a report. The report also includes a baseline and monitoring methodology for carbon restoration project activities implemented on wetlands such as mangroves, and a qualitative ‘decision support tool’ (DST) matrix for carbon offset potential in different wetland types, developed during the workshop. Full report is here: www.ramsar.org/pdf/DFN_report_Final.pdf |
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Climate Ready Estuaries |
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Voluntary Guidance for States to Incorporate Climate Change into State Wildlife Action Plans |
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| Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 °C By Malte Meinshausen, Nicolai Meinshausen, et. al. – Nature (U.K.) – April 30, 2009 More than 100 countries have adopted a global warming limit of 2 °C or below (relative to pre-industrial levels) as a guiding principle for mitigation efforts to reduce climate change risks, impacts and damages. For a link to this article, go to: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7242/full/nature08017.html |
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| Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne By Myles R. Allen, David J. Frame et. al. – Nature (U.K.) – March 2009 Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures1. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain. For link to this publication, go to: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7242/full/nature08019.html |
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A Recommended approaches for state agencies to incoproate climate change considerations in fish and wildlife conservation |
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Bates, B.C., Z.W. Kundzewicz, S. Wu and J.P. Palutikof, Eds. – June 2008 |
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| Sea Level Rise | |
| WA: Ecology helps communities plan for rising sea level By Curt Hart – Washington Dept. of Ecology – August 19, 2010 For the next two years, coastal and Puget Sound communities in Washington will have help available to plan for the long-term effects of rising sea level. Through a partnership of state and federal agencies, Kate Skaggs, a recipient of the prestigious National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Management Fellowship, is working for The Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) shorelands and environmental assistance program as a resource for local governments wanting and needing help with coastal planning. For full press release, go to: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/news/2010news/2010-207.html |
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Modeling Effects of Sea Level Rise in Northern Gulf of Mexico WaterLink International - August 11, 2010 |
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Supreme Court Decisions Backs Beach Nourishment By Alexandra Zayas and Louis Jacobson – St. Petersburg Times · – June 18, 2010 STOP THE BEACH RENOURISHMENT, INC., PETITIONER v. FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ET AL., No. 08–1151 http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/08-1151.pdf |
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| FL: Court case could add wrinkle to beach replenishment By Doug Sword - Sarasota Herald-Tribune – March 13, 2010 During the last 12 years, nearly $500 million was spent restoring Florida beaches, amounting to almost $1,000 for each of the 500,000 jobs that renourishment advocates say are tied to the state's beach-tourism industry. Those jobs could be at risk, city, county and tourism officials claim, if the U.S. Supreme Court sides with six Panhandle landowners who are suing over a 2006 renourishment that added 75 feet of state-owned sand in front of their beaches. The project turned their oceanfront properties into ocean-view properties and amounted to an unconstitutional "taking," allege the landowners, who say they should have been compensated for their loss of property rights. For full article, go to: http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100313/ARTICLE/3131022/-1/NEWSSITEMAP For a related story, go to: http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100313/ARTICLE/100319872/0/NEWSSITEMAP |
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| Melting threat from West Antarctic Ice Sheet may be less than expected, could hit US hardest By Jonathan Bamber – University of Colorado at Boulder – May 15, 2009 While a total or partial collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet as a result of warming would not raise global sea levels as high as some predict, levels on the U.S. seaboards would rise 25 percent more than the global average and threaten cities like New York, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, according to a new study. Long thought of as the sleeping giant with respect to sea level rise, Antarctica holds about nine times the volume of ice of Greenland. Its western ice sheet, known as WAIS, is of particular interest to scientists due to its inherent instability, a result of large areas of the continent's bedrock lying below sea level. But the ice sheet's potential contribution to sea level rise has been greatly overestimated, according to new calculations. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-05/uoca-mtf051309.php |
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| Recent Developments in Sea Level Rise Studies – April 2009 Sea Level Rise Simulations Are Now Available Online Contact: Contact: Vanessa Kauffman – USFWS News Release – April 22, 2009 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today released a new user-friendly internet tool that allows the public to view simulations of sea level rise. Released in honor of Earth Day, this program is designed to help people understand the potential impacts of climate change on sea levels. The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM)-View is a web browser-based application that displays map pairs of the same area, each at different sea levels. The strength of this tool is its ability to visually show the modeling of sea level rise predictions, allowing people to see the impacts in a more intuitive way. The SLAMM view tool could be accessed at http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay/slamm and http://www.slammview.org For full news release, go to: http://www.fws.gov/news/NewsReleases/showNews.cfm?newsId=CF70C5E0-DD1E-33CA-3D0BD4FB2BD3F890 The Impacts of Sea-Level Rise on the California Coast Pacific Institute – March 11, 2009 In an analysis prepared for three California state agencies, the Pacific Institute estimates that 480,000 people; a wide range of critical infrastructure, such as roads, hospitals, schools, and emergency facilities; vast areas of wetlands and other natural ecosystems; and nearly $100 billion in property along the California coast are at increased risk from flooding from a 1.4-meter sea-level rise – if no adaptation actions are taken. Commissioned by the Ocean Protection Council, the Public Interest Research Program of the California Energy Commission, and the California Department of Transportation, this comprehensive assessment of the impacts of sea-level rise puts California in the lead in trying to understand and adapt to the possible consequences of climate change. For full press release, go to: http://www.pacinst.org/press_center/press_releases/sea_level_rise_3_11_09.html |
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| An International Competition for Ideas Responding to Sea Level Rise in San Francisco Bay and Beyond The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) is hosting an open international design competition for ideas responding to sea level rise in San Francisco Bay and beyond. The Rising Tides ideas competition seeks responses to various design challenges, such as: How do we build in an area that is dry now, but that may be wet in the future? How do we retrofit existing shoreline infrastructure such as shipping ports, highways, airports, power plants and wastewater treatment plants? Can we imagine a different shoreline configuration or settlement pattern that allows temporary inundation from extreme storm events? And how do we provide flood protection inland or marshes without drowning the wetland when the water rises? Design proposals may range from practical and pragmatic to aggressively imaginative and speculative. All entries, however, should solve a meaningful sea-level rise problem, while being environmentally smart, simply designed, and transferable to other estuaries beyond San Francisco Bay. Integrating "green building" principles to resilient designs adds another layer of opportunity and complexity. First place will receive a $10,000 USD prize. Up to $15,000 USD in additional prizes will be used to recognize other valuable ideas as determined by the jury. Entries must be submitted by June 29, 4 p.m. PT. For more information on the Rising Tides Design Competition, please see http://www.risingtidescompetition.com |
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| Scientists: Five Foot Rise in Sea Levels by 2100 Possible By Calvin Trillin – Undernews (U.K.) – March 9, 2009 Scientists will warn this week that rising sea levels, triggered by global warming, pose a far greater danger to the planet than previously estimated. There is now a major risk that many coastal areas around the world will be inundated by the end of the century because Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are melting faster than previously estimated. Low-lying areas including Bangladesh, Florida, the Maldives and the Netherlands face catastrophic flooding, while, in Britain, large areas of the Norfolk Broads and the Thames estuary are likely to disappear by 2100. In addition, cities including London, Hull and Portsmouth will need new flood defenses. For full story, go to: http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0903/S00126.htm For related story, go to: http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2009/03/five-foot-sea-level-rise-hit-san-francisco-2100 A related blog: http://climateprogress.org/2007/12/31/sea-levels-may-rise-5-feet-by-2100/ |
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| Maryland's coastal protection laws addressing rising sea level By Sara Michael – Baltimore Examiner – January 18, 2009 Maryland's push to protect Chesapeake Bay aquatic life and improve water quality also serves to prepare the state for the effects of rising sea levels, according to a federal report released Friday. "Maryland is ahead of most other states" in planning for rising sea levels, said Jim Titus, convening lead author of a report from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency called Coastal Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region. For full article, go to: http://www.baltimoreexaminer.com/local/011809sea.html |
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| EPA Releases Report on Sea Level Rise Contact: Roxanne Smith – EPA News Release – January 16, 2009 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in collaboration with other agencies, has released a report that discusses the impacts of sea level rise on the coast, coastal communities, and the habitats and species that depend on them. The report, Coastal Sensitivity to Sea-Level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region, examines multiple opportunities for governments and coastal communities to plan for and adapt to rising sea levels. For the full press release, go to: http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/ACC097A034222A7E852575400053055C For a direct link to the report, visit: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/coastal/sap4-1.html |
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| Study Shows Climate Change Impacts Irreversible February 2009 According to a study by NOAA and French and Swiss researchers, even 1,000 years after carbon dioxide emissions stop, the impacts of sea level rise and global warming will be felt on the world. The report, which appears in the January 27th Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, speaks of irreversible climate change, due in large part to the behavior of the oceans. The report notes that the oceans, slow to warm, have absorbed a lot of the heat of the atmosphere, and about 80 percent of carbon emissions. Eventually, the oceans will begin to pump the heat back into the atmosphere. Lead author, Susan Solomon, an atmospheric chemist with NOAA, remarked that the study doesn't mean fighting climate change is hopeless, rather it shows the need to act quickly. To read the report: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf+html?sid= b38662d5-6ded-44b5-ade6-159e9974da9d. |
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| NOAA Study Predicts Arctic Sea Ice Loss by 2030 On January 22, 2009 Jim Overland, a sea ice expert with NOAA, presented research results indicating Arctic summer sea ice is likely to vanish by 2030, at the annual Alaska Marine Science Symposium. According to a scientific consensus, the ice that forms in the Arctic ocean is likely to disappear by 2030 due to climate change. The sea ice plays an important role in moderating global temperatures because it reflects 80 percent of sunlight that strikes it; according to NOAA, without the ice, seawater absorbs 90 percent of sunlight that strikes it. In previous predictions, it was expected that the sea ice would disappear by 2070. However, due to the depletion of sea ice, weather patterns have changed, causing more ice to melt. To read more about this presentation, or other presentations at the Alaska Marine Science Symposium: http://www.alaskamarinescience.org. |
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| NWF’s Global Warming and the Chesapeake Bay Report The National Wildlife Federation has released their report of the impact of http://www.nwf.org/sealevelrise/chesapeakebay.cfm |
IPCC’s Technical Paper on Climate Change & Water Reports that Wetlands are Most Vulnerable Ecosystem| Sea Level Rise: Implications to Coastal Engineering and Coastal Management An Interview with Leslie Ewing, P.E., M. ASCE – COPRI Waterways Spring 2008 http://email.asce.org/copri/SeaLevelRise.html Climate Change Will Have a Significant Impact on Transportation Infrastructure and Operations |
 Coastal erosion in Maine Maine Geological Society photo |
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| Contacts: Maureen O'Leary – The National Academies – March 11, 2008 While every mode of transportation in the U.S. will be affected as the climate changes, potentially the greatest impact on transportation systems will be flooding of roads, railways, transit systems, and airport runways in coastal areas because of rising sea levels and surges brought on by more intense storms, says a new report from the National Research Council. Though the impacts of climate change will vary by region, it is certain they will be widespread and costly in human and economic terms, and will require significant changes in the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of transportation systems. For full news release, go to: http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=12179 Another study, led by the Environmental Protection Agency joined by other agencies, expresses a similar warning on infrastructure and adds a concern for beaches, wetlands and fresh-water supplies that also are threatened due to encroaching saltwater. For more information or to read the report on coastal sensitivity to sea level rise, visit: http://climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap4-1/public-review-draft/ |
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| Washington State Sea Levels Could Rise Considerably By End of Century By Vince Stricherz – University of Washington News Release – January 17, 2008 Melting glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica, combined with other effects of global climate change, are likely to raise sea levels in parts of Western Washington by the end of this century, though geological forces will offset the rising water in some areas. A new report suggests a moderate scenario is for sea levels on the Washington Coast and in the Puget Sound Basin to rise an average of 6 inches by 2050 and 14 inches by 2100. The analysis, conducted by the Pacific Northwest Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington and the Washington State Department of Ecology, suggests that a worst-case scenario could raise sea levels in some places as much as 22 inches by 2050 and 50 inches -- more than 4 feet -- by 2100. For full press release, go to: http://uwnews.washington.edu/ni/article.asp?articleID=39136 For a direct link to the report, go to: http://www.cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/moteetalslr579.pdf |
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Climate change, sea-level rise and the case for salt marsh restoration in the Bay of Fundy, Canada By Keith Singh & Bradley B. Walters & Jeff Ollerhead - November 2007 |
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| The Disappearance of Relict Permafrost in Boreal North America: Effects on Peatland Carbon Storage and Fluxes Authors: Merritt Turetsky, R. K. Weider, D.H. Vitt, R.J. Evans, K.D. Scott. Global Change Biology. (Online articles: doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01381.x) Boreal peatlands in Canada have harbored relict permafrost since the Little Ice Age due to the strong insulating properties of peat. Ongoing climate change has triggered widespread degradation of localized permafrost in peatlands across continental Canada. Here, we explore the influence of differing permafrost regimes (bogs with no surface permafrost, localized permafrost features with surface permafrost, and internal lawns representing areas of permafrost degradation) on rates of peat accumulation at the southernmost limit of permafrost in continental Canada. Net organic matter accumulation generally was greater in unfrozen bogs and internal lawns than in the permafrost landforms, suggesting that surface permafrost inhibits peat accumulation and that degradation of surface permafrost stimulates net carbon storage in peatlands. To determine whether differences in substrate quality across permafrost regimes control trace gas emissions to the atmosphere, we used a reciprocal transplant study to experimentally evaluate environmental versus substrate controls on carbon emissions from bog, internal lawn, and permafrost peat. Emissions of CO2 were highest from peat incubated in the localized permafrost feature, suggesting that slow organic matter accumulation rates are due, at least in part, to rapid decomposition in surface permafrost peat. For more information, go to: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01381.x |
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| Simulating Sea Level Rise in Peter A. Slovinsky and Stephen M. Dickson, Abstract (only) is available at this time; final report to be published in spring 2007. http://www.aswm.org/member/wetlandnews/february/simulating_sea_level_rise_in_maine.pdf |
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| Sea Level Rise and the Hackensack Meadowlands By Dr. Beth Ravit http://www.hackensackriverkeeper.org/newsletters/Winter2007/12_Winter_2007.htm http://www.hackensackriverkeeper.org/newsletters/Summer2002/009_Summer_2002.htm |
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| Protecting (this led to the revision of the above sand dune rule) http://www.maine.gov/spo/mcp/downloads/beaches%20future/Protecting%20 Maines%20Beaches_Feb06.pdf |
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| Impacts of Future Sea Level Rise on the Coastal Floodplain 2006 Study by Peter A. Slovinsky and Stephen M. Dickson A report prepared by the Maine Geological Survey for the Maine Coastal Program/ Maine State Planning Office in partnership with NOAA http://www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/marine/sea-level/mgs-open-file-06-14.pdf |
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| Revised Coastal Sand Dune Rule (Chapter 355 of the Natural Resources Protection Act) http://www.maine.gov/dep/blwq/topic/dunes/CH355_4-20-06_revised_%20w_ leg_chgs_on%203_30.pdf |
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| Hurricanes, Sea Level Rise, and New York City Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research http://www.ccsr.columbia.edu/information/hurricanes/ |
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| Coast 2050: A New Approach to Restoration of by Denise Reed & Lee Wilson (2004) University of http://www.ees.uno.edu/restoration/Reed%20and%20Wilson%202050.pdf |
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Vulnerability of U.S. National Parks to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Change |
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| Template for evaluation of impacts of sea level rise on Caribbean coastal wetlands (1994) Abstract: Published predictions of the impacts of sea level rise on mangroves are too simplistic, due to the assumption that ecosystem structure and plant zonation are uniform. Field survey and analysis of over 200 coastal wetland sites in the Insular Caribbean suggests the likelihood of very variable system responses, because of the wide range of wetland types and geomorphic settings. To read more and to download paper, click here. |
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| Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise in Massachusetts (1987) Dr. Graham Giese, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies in Massachusetts |
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| Sea Level Rise: Overview of Causes and Effects by James Titus and Michael Barth, EPA paper 1985 http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/ downloads/greenhouse.pdf Paper from: Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise: A Challenge for this Generation, edited by Michael C. Barth and James G. Titus, 1985 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenter PublicationsSLRChallenge.html |
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| Effects on Wetlands & Management Issues | |
| CSO Releases Climate Change Adaptation Report (September 2007) This week, the CSO Climate Change Work Group released a report entitled The Role of Coastal Zone Management Programs in Adaptation to Climate Change. The Work Group prepared this report to explore the current and future roles of state coastal zone management programs in addressing the increasing impacts of climate change to the coastal zone. This report aims to: Inform Congress and federal agencies of the role of state coastal zone management programs in addressing climate change; Inform efforts to reauthorize the Coastal Zone Management Act; Inform federal agencies of key research, information, and policy needs; and Provide for information of exchange among coastal states and territories. To download a copy of the report, please go to the following link: http://www.coastalstates.org/documents/CSO%20Climate%20Change%20Final%20 Report.pdf |
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| Past and Future Changes in Climate and Hydrological Indicators in the US Northeast By Katharine Hayhoe, Cameron P. Wake, Thomas G. Huntington, Lifeng Luo, et. al. Clim Dyn (2007) 28:381–407; Published online: 16 November 2006, Springer-Verlag 2006. To assess the influence of global climate change at the regional scale, we examine past and future changes in key climate, hydrological, and biophysical indicators across the US Northeast (NE). http://www.aswm.org/science/climate_change/2007_climate_dynamics_ne.pdf |
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| Climate Change and Consequences for Georgia: Rising Seas and Drying Rivers Dr. Ron Carroll, Director-Science, River Basin Center, UGA PowerPoint presented Jan. 12, 2007 http://www.rivercenter.uga.edu/education/carroll/climate_change.pdf |
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| Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Communities: Vulnerabilities to Climate Change by Mortsch, L., J. Ingram, A. Hebb and S. Doka (eds). 2006. http://www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/aird/wetlands/index_files/page0012.htm |
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| The Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Marine Systems Christopher D. G. Harley, A. Randall Hughes, Kristin M. Hultgren, Benjamin G. Miner, Cascade J. B. Sorte, Carol S. Thornber, Laura F. Rodriguez, Lars Tomanek, Susan L. Williams (2006) Ecology Letters 9 (2), 228–241. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00871.x |
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Natural Approaches to Shoreline Management, Erosion Control, etc. (July 2005) ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/MD/web_documents/programs/rcd/shore_esrcd.pdf Shoreline Changes online project http://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/sc_online.asp |
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| Vulnerability of Northern Prairie Wetlands to Climate Change by W. Carter Johnson, Bruce V. Millett, Tagir Gilmanov, et. al. 2005 http://www.naturalstatecoalition.org/report.pdf |
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http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/pubs/biodiversity/OBS_english.pdf |
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| Impact of U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture Programs and Ecological Services Derived from Restored Prairie Wetland and Adjacent Grasslands (2004) by Dr. Ned “Chip” Euliss, Jr. and Dr. Robert Gleason, both with Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, USGS; this report discusses sequestration, too ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NHQ/nri/ceap/studyplanweb14dec06.pdf |
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| Effects of Global Climate Change on Great Lakes Wetlands (1999-2003) Lead on project: Dr. Douglas Wilcox, USGS, Great Lakes Science Center http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/brd_global_change/proj_31_great_lakes.html |
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| Integrating the Effects of Land Use and Global Climate Change on Hydrology and Vegetation of Northern Great Plains Wetlands, United States (1999-2003) Lead on project: Glenn R. Guntenspergen, USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/brd_global_change/proj_51_land_use.html |
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| Potential Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Structure and Function of Coastal Marshes (1999-2003) Lead on project: Dr. Karen L. McKee, USGS, National Wetlands Research Center http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/brd_global_change/proj_41_marsh_co2.html |
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 Carbon SequestrationThe National Academies Release Report: Management and Effects of Coalbed Methane Produced Water in the United States EPA Climate Change and Water News – August 25, 2010 The extraction of methane (natural gas) trapped deep in some coal beds is a common practice, especially in Western States, but carries with it the issue of what to do with the water that must be pumped out to release the methane. This study investigates the critical environmental, economic, and regulatory issues associated with coalbed methane produced water, and finds that current management decisions often fail to consider both potential environmental effects and opportunities for beneficial use. The report is available at: http://dels.nas.edu/Report/report/12915?utm_medium=etmail&utm_source=The%20 National%20Academies&utm_campaign=Aetos-Report+v2 Peridotite Mineral Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Untested but Potentially Large Climate Change Mitigation Tool By Ryan D. Hottle – Global Climate Solutions – November 23, 2008 |
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| U.S. Dept. of Energy – Carbon Sequestration (Sea) Fact Sheet April 2008 |
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| U.S. Dept. of Energy – Carbon Sequestration |
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| Switchgrass Fuel Yields Bountiful Energy: Study By Timothy Gardner – Reuters News Service – January 10, 2008 Switchgrass, a crop touted by venture capitalists and environmentalists alike as a next-generation ethanol feedstock, yields about five times more energy than it takes to grow it, making the plant a far more efficient fuel source than corn, a new study said. In addition, the life cycle of the switchgrass ethanol -- which includes growing the crop, making the fuel, and burning it in vehicles -- emits about 94 percent less of planet-warming carbon dioxide than the life cycle of gasoline, said the study, published on Tuesday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For full article, go to: http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/46338/story.htm For more on switchgrass and carbon sequestration, visit: http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/biomass/switchgrass/switchgrassprofile.htm |
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 RMFU Carbon Credit Program Expands Rocky Mountain Farmers Union Newsletter - May 3, 2007 Rocky Mountain Farmers Union (RMFU) announced today that the Chicago Climate Exchange has approved the expansion of its carbon credit program for agriculture producers in Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico. The program has been created through a partnership with the National Farmers Union (NFU) and approved by the Chicago Climate Exchange to enroll agriculture producers’ acres into blocks of credits that will be traded similarly to other agricultural commodities. The program, which was introduced last year on a limited basis, has expanded and will be available to 22 Colorado counties, 10 Wyoming counties and 16 New Mexico counties. Producers in these counties who qualify for the program can be compensated for establishing conservation tillage (including no-till) and long-term grass seeding practices (including alfalfa for hay). These practices store or “sequester” carbon and reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, reducing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. "The Rocky Mountain Farmers Union's carbon credit program is an example of how the New Energy Economy can benefit our rural communities," said Colorado Governor Ritter. "Bringing a new revenue stream to agriculture that also works with our efforts to address climate change is a great example of how Colorado can benefit from these innovative programs." This year’s deadline to enroll in the program is August 15, 2007. For full story, go to: http://www.rmfu.org/News/Releases/ShowNews.cfm?ID=318 |
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| The Carbon Balance of North American Wetlands By Scott Bridgham, Patrick Megonigal, et. al. (This appeared in the December 2006 issue of Wetlands, from the Society of Wetland Scientists.) http://www.aswm.org/wbn/carbon_balance_of_north_american_wetlands.pdf |
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| Northern American Prairie Wetlands are Important Nonforested Land-based Carbon Storage Sites by Dr. Robert Gleason and Dr. Ned “Chip” Euliss, |
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| Economics of Sequestering Carbon in the U.S. Agricultural Sector By Jan Lewandrowski, Mark Peters, Carol Jones, Robert House, Mark Sperow, Marlen Eve, and Keith Paustian -- Economic Research Service -- Technical Bulletin No. (TB1909) 69 pp, March 2004 Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases can be reduced by withdrawing carbon from the atmosphere and sequestering it in soils and biomass. This report analyzes the performance of alternative incentive designs and payment levels if farmers were paid to adopt land uses and management practices that raise soil carbon levels. At payment levels below $10 per metric ton for permanently sequestered carbon, analysis suggests landowners would find it more cost effective to adopt changes in rotations and tillage practices. At higher payment levels, afforestation dominates sequestration activities, mostly through conversion of pastureland. For full report, go to: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/TB1909/ Or for direct link to full report PDF: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/tb1909/tb1909.pdf |
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| Prairie Wetlands and Carbon Sequestration-- Assessing Sinks Under the Kyoto Protocol Edited by David Wylynko; summary from Oak Hammock Marsh meeting in Winnipeg, sponsored by Ducks Unlimited Canada, Wetlands International and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (1999) http://www.iisd.org/wetlands/wrkshp_summ.pdf |
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| MEDIA COVERAGE | |
| Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) Issues Report Linking Climate Change to Future Water Shortages EPA Climate Change and Water News – August 25, 2010 Climate change will have a significant impact on the sustainability of water supplies in the coming decades. A new analysis examined the effects of global warming on water supply and demand in the contiguous United States. The study found that more than 1,100 counties (one-third of all counties in the lower 48) will face higher risks of water shortages by mid-century as the result of global warming. More than 400 of these counties will face extremely high risks of water shortages. Additional information is available at: http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/watersustainability. |
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| EPA Announces Public Comment Period for Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: Four Case Studies of Water Utility Practices August 23, 2010 – EPA is announcing a 45-day public comment period for the draft document titled, Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment: Four Case Studies of Water Utility Practices. The document was prepared by the National Center for Environmental Assessment within EPA's Office of Research and Development. This draft report presents a series of case studies describing the approaches currently being taken by four water utilities to assess their vulnerability to future climate change. The report is intended to illustrate the types of analyses, models, and climate change information being developed and used by selected utilities that are leaders in climate adaptation to understand and respond to climate risk. The public comment period is open until October 7, 2010. The EPA Federal Register Notice is posted at: http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/2010-20838.htm. Information is also available at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/global/recordisplay.cfm?deid=226435. |
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| Links between Climate, Malaria, and Wetlands in the Amazon Basin Climate changes are altering patterns of temperature and precipitation, potentially affecting regions of malaria transmission. We show that areas of the Amazon Basin with few wetlands show a variable relationship between precipitation and malaria, while areas with extensive wetlands show a negative relationship with malaria incidence. http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/15/4/pdfs/08-0822.pdf |
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NH: Volunteers Needed for Research on Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Several dedicated volunteers are needed to help with field research in New Hampshire monitoring climate change and sea level rise. The Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is putting out the call for volunteers to assist in an intensive six-week period of field work set to begin September 4, 2010. The research is possible because the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is loaning the reserve an "RTK" (real time kinematic) GPS unit for a period of six weeks, beginning September 4, 2010. The Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve is a cooperative federal-state partnership between the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Visit http://www.greatbay.org. |
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Climate Change Impact on Freshwater Wetlands, Lakes & Rivers (a blog by Scott Mandia) August 16, 2010 - This blog cites ASWM’s Jon Kusler’s work on climate change & wetlands (just under photo of bull trout). Freshwater ecosystems provide a wide range of goods and services. Wetlands exhibit extensive biodiversity, function as filters for pollutants, and are important for carbon sequestration and emissions. Rivers transport water and nutrients from the land to the oceans and provide crucial buffering capacity during droughts especially if fed by mountain springs and glaciers. http://profmandia.wordpress.com/2010/0816/ climate-change-impact- |
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Climate Change, That Slippery Slope (U.S. Policy & Global Perspective) By Claudio Guler – ISN Security Watch – August 9, 2010 |
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| Climate Change: How Adapting to Warming Could Make It Worse (Melting Permafrost) By Bryan Walsh - Time (blog) – August 5, 2010 Positive feedback cycles—they're what keeps climatologists up at night. The term describes the way that certain ecological responses to a warming climate can further accelerate warming, creating a feedback cycle that can spiral out of control. Take the billions and billions of tons of methane buried beneath the Arctic permafrost. Methane is about 20 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but fortunately, those vast stores in the Arctic are locked beneath frozen soil, for the most part unable to escape and add to the greenhouse effect. For full blog post, click here |
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Russia’s fires: worsened by peatland drainage August 4, 2010 - The disastrous forest fires that are currently raging in Russia have led to significant fires in the drained and degraded peatlands. These occur close to Moscow and densely populated areas in Central European Russia. They are causing huge air pollution problems as well as direct risks for the people in the region. Next to todays 520 forest fires in Russia, there are also 24 peat fires taking place; many of them around Moscow (source: Emergency Ministry August 4 2010 ; numbers change from day to day). These peat areas are extremely fire prone due to drainage for peat mining in the past and abandonment since the beginning of the 1990’s. Wetlands International advocates for restoration and better management of Russia’s peatlands. This is the only effective way to prevent and minimise the fire risk. For full story, go to: http://www.wetlands.org/NewsandEvents/NewsPressreleases/tabid/60/articleType/ |
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EPA Rejects Claims of Flawed Climate Science |
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CSI: DC -- Investigating the Grisly Murder of a Climate Bill Gone Wrong By Mike Sandler (Editorial) – Huffington Post – August 3, 2010 |
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| Climate Change: NOAA: Past Decade Warmest on Record According to Scientists in 48 Countries July 28, 2010 The 2009 State of the Climate report released today draws on data for 10 key climate indicators that all point to the same finding: the scientific evidence that our world is warming is unmistakable. More than 300 scientists from 160 research groups in 48 countries contributed to the report, which confirms that the past decade was the warmest on record and that the Earth has been growing warmer over the last 50 years. To read more, go to: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/ 20100728_stateoftheclimate.html, Report: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams-state-of-the-climate/ |
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| Interior and Agriculture Departments Announce Joint New Climate Change Research Projects on SE and NW Freshwater Systems Press Release – July 27, 2010 Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Interior Secretary Ken Salazar today announced joint scientific research projects that address the effects of climate change on freshwater systems and sensitive aquatic species in the northwestern and southeastern United States. To read full press release, CLICK HERE |
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| New report warns of climate change impact to Delaware Estuary By: Mark Eichmann – WHYY.org – July 22, 2010 The Partnership for the Delaware Estuary has issued a 118-page report outlining how climate change will affect the Delaware Estuary over the next few decades. The report says climate change will include increased temperatures, higher sea level and stronger storms. The report predicts an increase in median temperature of 4 to 7 degrees Farenheit over the next 90 years. That increase in temperature would translate into a rise in sea level between 1.5 and 5 feet, which would increase the volume of salt water in the Delaware River and Delaware Bay. For full article, go to: http://whyy.org/cms/news/health-science/2010/07/22/new-report-warns-of-climate-change-impact-to-delaware-estuary/42442 |
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Sen. Inouye: Climate change requires change From the office of Sen. Daniel Inouye: Climate change affects the well-being of our people, the strength of our economy, and the health of our ecosystems. Where we build, what food we grow, and how we maintain our national security are all affected by gradual changes in our climate spurred by natural and man-made causes. Two years ago, I chaired a Senate Commerce Committee hearing in Honolulu on “Climate Change Impacts and Responses in Island Communities.” The increasing pressures of climate change are evident in Hawaii – from rising sea levels to changes in fish populations and coral reefs. We are both vulnerable and susceptible. For full statement, go to: http://www.hawaii247.com/2010/07/20/inouye-climate-change-requires-change/ |
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| Lake Superior, a Huge Natural Climate Change Gauge, Is Running a Fever
By Dina Maron – New York Times – July 19, 2010 |
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| Biodiversity concerns rise up the corporate agenda* By Mike Scott - July 11, 2010 Climate change is no longer a concern just for environmentalists, but for business and governments. Biodiversity is following a similar trajectory. Its importance as a strategic issue for business will be outlined in a report to be published tomorrow by the United Nations Environment Programme’s TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) initiative. For more, go to: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a4aa56b8-8b85-11df-ab4d-00144feab49a.html *Alert: Free registration required to read article.” AND “To go directly to the biodiversity report and download it, go to: http://www.teebweb.org/ |
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| EPA Announces Request for Proposals: Facilitating Tribal Climate Change Adaptation Planning and Communicating Climate Change Impacts EPA announces the availability of up to $550,000 to facilitate, communicate, and put in motion tribal climate change adaptation planning to respond to the projected impacts of climate change. The Agency expects to award approximately one to three cooperative agreements ranging from approximately $50,000 to $150,000 per year up to five years. EPA requests proposals to provide direct training, technical assistance, and outreach aimed at increasing and enhancing tribal expertise in adaptation planning and climate change risk communication. Federally recognized Indian tribal governments and inter-tribal consortia, among others, are eligible. The application deadline is July 30, 2010. The full announcement is available at: http://www.epa.gov/air/grants_funding.html. |
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| The Senate needs to act now on the climate bill The Washington Post –Wednesday, May 19, 2010 SENS. JOHN F. Kerry (D-Mass.) and Joseph I. Lieberman (I-Conn.) have provided Congress with an opportunity. Their climate bill, released last week, is imperfect. But it offers a start, very much in the right direction. Contrary to popular wisdom, acting on global warming is not going to get easier after this year's election. Legislators should seize this moment. Read more. |
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Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) and Underground Capacity By Sarah Forbes – World Resources Institute – April 28, 2010 |
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| New Pew Center for Climate Change Report: Adapting to Climate Change: A Call for Federal Leadership April 2010 – Authors:Joel B. Smith, Jason M. Vogel, Terri L. Cruce, et. al. http://www.pewclimate.org/publications/ report/adapting-to-climate-change-call-for- federal-leadership |
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Climate Change Adaptation Workshop Held in CT – April 2010 Leaders for the Town of Groton, Connecticut, situated along the northeastern shore of Long Island Sound, recognize climate change will significantly impact their community. Rising sea levels will likely damage existing infrastructure and could render emergency evacuation routes inaccessible during severe storm events, putting its citizens at risk and resulting in significant cost to the town. To help tackle this issue, Groton established a climate taskforce. Presentations and video recordings from the first workshop are available at www.icleiusa.org/actioncenter/planning/climate-adaptation- |
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Climate Change Adaptation Workshops Held in San Francisco Bay Area, CA – April 2010 |
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| EPA Scientist Says East Coast Beaches Threatened by Sea Level, But Nobody’s Listening By John Harkinson – Wired Science – April 27, 2010 http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/ 2010/04/climate-desk-sea-level/ |
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| Senators try to get climate change legislation back on track USA Today – April 26, 2010 Despite a weekend setback that resulted in the scrub of today's long-awaited unveiling of a tri-partisan (yes, you read that right; see below) bill to combat global warming, the strange-bedfellow coalition of senators working on the legislation isn't giving up. The effort to draft compromise legislation that will address domestic energy needs and climate change has preoccupied Sens. John Kerry, a Massachusetts Democrat; Joe Lieberman, a Connecticut independent, and Lindsey Graham, a South Carolina Republican, for months. For full article, go to: http://content.usatoday.com/ communities/onpolitics/post/2010/04/senators-try-to-get-climate-change- legislation-back-on-track/1 |
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Obama causes contrast with Bush-era policies on climate change By Gannett Contentone – SC Times – April 20, 2010 |
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| Beyond the Limits of Earth Day: Turning up the Heat on Climate Change by Denis Hayes – Environment 360 – April 12, 2010 This month marks the 40th anniversary of Earth Day, an event that has attracted millions to environmental causes. But winning passage of meaningful legislation on climate change requires more than slogans and green talk — it demands intense, determined political action http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2262 |
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| Towns Warned to Create Climate Change Policies Cape May County Herald – April 2, 2010 Nicole Maher of the Nature Conservancy said sea level rise is like being attacked by a giant snail noting both would be a “large looming, seemingly slow moving threat.” “How do we compel people to action?” she asked an audience of representatives of planning boards, environmental commissions and emergency management personnel from towns throughout Cape May County converged here to learn of strategies of dealing with climate change. Maher said it is hard to envision the impacts of sea level rise and even harder to envision the necessary changes to adapt and deal with sea level rise. The event was sponsored by the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve at the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences at Rutgers University, Urban Coast Institute at Monmouth University, Barnegat Bay National Estuary Program and the Coastal Management Program of the state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). http://www.capemaycountyherald.com/article/61077towns+warned+create+ climate+change+policies |
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Taking a close look at the Everglades restoration by Eric Quiñones – Princeton University News – April 1, 2010 |
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| Archived News Return to top. |
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| STATE CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLANS | |||||||||||||||
| EPA lists climate change action plans for over 25 states with links to all but two state plans available. Some of these climate change action plans specifically address wetlands, identify impacts of climate change to wetlands, refer to wetlands as “carbon sinks” and sources of methane. A few states incorporate carbon sequestration in wetlands as part of the strategy to mitigate the effects of climate change. ASWM has created a preliminary list of the states’ climate change action plans that include reference to these wetland issues. |
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California: |
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http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/down/climatechange.pdf |
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fullreport.pdf |
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http://atmos.cgrer.uiowa.edu/research/reports/iggap/FinalReport.pdf |
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Maine: |
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20Volume%20I%20Final.pdf and part 2 is at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/stateandlocalgov/downloads/GHG%20 Volume%20II%20Final.pdf |
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New Jersey: |
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New York: |
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climate-action-plan.pdf |
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http://righg.raabassociates.org/Articles/GHGPlanBody7-19-02FINAL.pdf |
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WA_Action_Plan.pdf |
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Climate Adaptation Strategies in the States
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Further Resources and Publications on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies
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| SCIENTISTS CONDUCTING RESEARCH ON WETLANDS & CLIMATE CHANGE | |
Kevin Erwin, Kevin L. Erwin Consulting Ecologist, Inc., Florida Gulf Coast University. Research interests include mitigating effects of climate change through wetland restoration, watershe management techniques and agricultural management practices http://environment.com/index.php/2009/01/wetland-restoration-and-climate-change/ |
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| Professor Kelman Wieder, Ph.D, Villanova University, carbon sequestration, northern forested wetlands researchhttp://www13.homepage.villanova.edu/kelman.wieder/Curriculum Vitae2.htm#Publications%20in%20Refereed%20Journals |
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| Professor Nigel Roulet at McGill University, Department of Geography, climate change and carbon sequestration research interests and publications http://www.geog.mcgill.ca/faculty/roulet/ | |
| Professor Scott Bridgham, University of Oregon, Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies Program. Research interests: Carbon and nutrient cycling, wetland ecology, trace gas production, climate change, biogeochemistry, microbial ecology, plant community structure, plant-nutrient interactions, restorationhttp://evolution.uoregon.edu/bridgham.htm | |
| Virginia Burkett, Ph.D., USGS research on global climate change and wetlandshttp://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/about/directorate/burkett.htm | |
| Dr. Merritt Turetsky, Michigan State University Research interests include: carbon sequestration, peatlands http://www.plantbiology.msu.edu/turetsky/research.htm |
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| Robert A. Gleason, Ph.D., Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, USGS Research interests include: carbon sequestration, prairie pothole regionhttp://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/staff/gleason.htm |
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| Ned H. “Chip” Euliss, Jr. Ph.D., Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, USGS Research interests include: wetlands as carbon stores, sequestrationhttp://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/staff/eulissn.htm |
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| Dr. Graham Giese, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies Research interests include: shoreline changehttp://coastalstudies.org/what-we-do/land-sea/index.htm |
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| Peter A. Slovinsky and Stephen M. Dickson, Maine Geological Survey Research interests include: sea level risehttp://www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/about/contacts.htm |
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| Denise J. Reed, Ph.D., University of New Orleans Research interests include: coastal subsistence, sea level risehttp://www.ees.uno.edu/restoration/d_j_reed.htm |
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| Kevin Knuuti, P.E., Army Corps Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Waterways Experiment Station, Research interests inlclude: sea level rise’s effect on inlets, estuarieshttp://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/CHL.aspx?p=s&a=PERSONS;264 | |
| Dr. Pascal Badiou, a research scientist with Ducks Unlimited Canada's Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research http://www.ducks.ca/conserve/research/team/staff/badiou.html | |
| Interview: The Future of Water in a Warmer World GLRC (MI) Lester Graham talks with Peter H. Gleick, President and co-founder of the Pacific Institute, who is concerned that without reducing greenhouse gas emissions, global warming will have dire impact on water resources. April 16, 2007 (University of Michigan) http://www.glrc.org/story.php3?story_id=3399 |
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| RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES | |||
| For recent job and research opportunities, check ASWM’s job page. http://aswm.org/wetlands/job_opportunities.htm |
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| Postdoc Position - Climate Change and Sustainability The U.S. Geological Survey, anticipates an opening for a Post-Doctoral Research Associate. We anticipate the position starting in the Fall of 2010. The initial appointment will be for 13 months but may be renewed for up to three years contingent on congressional appropriations. Our global change sea-level rise coastal wetland research project is developing tools to evaluate and forecast the vulnerability of coastal marsh ecosystems to sea-level rise (SLR) and other global change stressors and developing a framework for adaptation and management approaches to minimize marsh loss and enhance ecosystem resilience. We are currently working with multiple Department of Interior and other partners who manage coastal wetlands. Our work is intended to permit more informative probabilistic forecasts of coastal marsh response to SLR than previously available. The work will also provide probabilistic assessments of vulnerability to better inform decision making by coastal managers. Our multi-disciplinary team includes modelers, ecologists, and physical scientists. Knowledge of Bayesian Network Modeling is desirable. Excellent quantitative and writing skills are required. Starting salary will be commensurate with experience and will fall within the GS-11 to the GS-12 range in the federal government. A Ph.D. is required. Contact Dr. Glenn Guntenspergen (glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov) or Dr. James Grace (gracej@usgs.gov) for additional details. Applicants should submit a resume, a statement of future goals, and the names of three references. |
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| CLIMATE CHANGE EVENTS AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES | |
| EPA’s Watershed Academy Posts a New Online Module on Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources & Programs EPA's Watershed Academy has released a new online module titled "The Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources and Programs." This module is based on EPA's National Water Program Strategy: Response to Climate Change posted at http://epa.gov/ow/climatechange/strategy.html. The module provides basic information on climate change, the water-related effects of climate change in the United States, and the implications for EPA's National Water Program. The module is part of EPA's Watershed Academy Web that includes more than 50 online modules regarding various aspects of watershed management. To view these new modules go to http://epa.gov/watertrain/climate_water/ |
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| AWRA Summer Conference 2010 AWRA Summer Specialty Conference: Tropical Hydrology and Sustainable Water Resources in a Changing Climate will be held in Gran Melia, Puerto Rico on August 30-September 1, 2010. This 2010 Conference and Eighth Caribbean Island Water Resources Congress will build on previous conferences to discuss the topic in light of a changing climate. Issues such as water supply, sustainable water planning, water quality, alternative water supplies, and coastal ecosystems will be considered. For conference information, go to: http://www.awra.org/meetings/PR2010/index.html |
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| Watershed Management Conference
2010 Watershed Management Conference: Innovations in Watershed Management Under Land Use and Climate Change will be held on August 23-27, 2010 in Madison, Wisconsin. This conference will highlight innovative approaches for managing water resources under climate and land use change. Relevant topics include hydrologic measurement and modeling, integrated and/or adaptive water management, aquatic ecosystem restoration, risk-based design, and the use of regional predictions of climate change. For conference information, got to: http://content.asce.org/conferences/watershedmanagement2010/index.html |
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| Hydrology Conference Hydrology Conference 2010: The Changing Physical and Social Environment: Hydrologic Impacts and Feedbacks will be held on October 11-13, 2010 at the Hilton San Diego Resort & Spa, San Diego, California. This major international conference will target the developing interdisciplinary science themes in the interface between hydrology and other scientific disciplines, including climate change, biology, chemistry and social sciences. These subjects are of particular relevance as population increases and a changing climate bring new pressures on hydrological systems around the world. For more information, go to: http://www.hydrologyconference.com/ |
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| 5th National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration 5th National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration: Preparing for Climate Change: Science Practice, and Policy will be held at the Galveston Island Convention Center, Galveston Island, Texas on November 13-17, 2010. This conference will explore all parts of coastal and estuarine habitat restoration. Every aspect of restoration will be affected by climate change. Because of its power to effect change, habitat restoration is a key element in the adaptative and mitigating climate change strategies that cut across all disciplines. For more information, go to: http://estuaries.org/conference/ or http://www.estuaries.org/ |
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| RESOURCES/PUBLICATIONS | |
The Natural Fix? The Role of Ecosystems in Climate Mitigation Authors: Kate Trumper, Monika Bertzky, Barney Dickson, et. al. A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment. June 2009. |
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The Blue Carbon Report: The Role of Healthy Oceans in Binding Carbon Authors: Christian Nellemann (Editor in chief), Emily Corcoran, Carlos M. Duarte, et. al. A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment. 2009 |
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| New Publication: Worldwatch Report: Global Environmental Change: The Threat to Human Health Author:Samuel S. Myers, MD, MPH – Worldwatch Institute Reports - Over the past two-to-three hundred years, humanity’s ecological footprint has ballooned to such an extent that we are now fundamentally altering the planet. We have transformed the Earth’s land surface and altered the function of its ecosystems, and we are triggering the rapid loss of both terrestrial and marine life. We are also profoundly changing our planet’s climate. The triple threat of more-severe storms, rising sea levels, and degraded coastal barriers—such as mangrove forests, coral reefs, wetlands, vegetated dunes, and barrier islands—will pose significant risks to low-lying coastal populations. http://www.worldwatch.org/ node/6310 |
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Potential impacts of global climate change on the hydrology and ecology of ephemeral freshwater systems of the forests of the northeastern United States |
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Geomorphologic Evolution of Barrier Islands along the Northern U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Implications for Engineering Design in Barrier Restoration |
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| United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change publication list is available at http://unfccc.int/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/ items/2625.php |
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| Analysis of Natural Resources Protection Provisions in Climate Security Act (S. 3036) National Wildlife Federation Fact Sheet - May 27, 2008 http://www.nwf.org/nwfwebadmin/binaryVault/NWFAnalysisOfCSA NaturalResourceProvisions.pdf |
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Attributing physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change
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| The American Agricultural Economics Association has posted the first quarter issue of Choices online at www.choicesmagazine.org/ The theme for this issue is Resources and the Environment. Guest Editor Jason F. Shogren brings together nine papers under the title "Climate Change Economics." This thematic package in Choices celebrates the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) work, its Nobel prize and the significant contributions of agricultural and resources Economists to the IPCC process and reports. These nine papers present work which overviews the major aspects of climate change and its implications for agriculture and natural resources written by people who have been intimately involved with the IPCC. This issue of Choices also features an article by Leigh Raymond and Gerald Shively titled "Market-Based Approaches to CO2 Emissions Reductions." Choices is an online peer-reviewed magazine published by the AAEA for readers interested in the policy and management of agriculture, the food industry, natural resources, rural communities, and the environment. If you would like to contribute to future issues, please visit http://www.choicesmagazine.org/submissions.htm |
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| Solving Climate Change Saves Billions By Kristina Kershner – ENN – April 10, 2008 According to Edward Mazria, founder of Architecture 2030, “Although difficult, the economic and global warming crises are the motivation we need as a nation to retool our thinking. If we’re smart enough to jump on this opportunity, we will not only solve global warming, we will set the US up for unprecedented economic success.” For full article, go to: http://www.enn.com/press_releases/2437 For direct link to the study, go to: http://www.architecture2030.org/pdfs/2030Blueprint.pdf |
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| National Water Program Strategy: Response to Climate Change Draft Comments Welcome The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Water has made available for comment a public review draft of the National Water Program Strategy: Response to Climate Change. This draft document represents the National Water Program’s initial effort to identify potential impacts of climate change for clean water and drinking water programs and define actions to respond to these impacts. A March 28, 2008, memorandum signed by the Assistant Administrator for Water requests comments on the draft strategy. For the request for comments, see: http://www.epa.gov/water/climatechange/docs/3-28-08_memo_to_interested_parties.pdf For the draft document open to public comment, go to: http://www.epa.gov/water/climatechange/ docs/3-27-08_ccdraftstrategy_final.pdf The comment period has been extended. Please submit comments to the following e-mail address: Water_Climate_Change@epa.gov by June 10, 2008. You also can mail your comments to the following address: Attention: National Water Program Draft Climate Change Strategy, U.S. EPA, Office of Water, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Mail Code: 4101M - Washington, DC 20460 |
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| Government Report Warns of Sea-Rise Threat to U.S. Coasts (March 2008) A report released by the National Research Council's Transportation Research board explores the threat to transportation networks due to climate change sea level rise. According to the report, tens of thousands of miles of highway and rail corridor will become vulnerable to erosion, chronic flooding and other stresses over the next century as a warming climate causes an increase in extreme weather conditions. The report predicts that some of the nation's busiest airports could see increased service interruptions and runway closures because of sea level rise and storm surges. The report expects an increase in very hot days and heat waves, increases in Arctic temperatures, increases in hurricane activity, increases in intense precipitation events, and rising sea levels. Those factors, coupled with an expected population growth in coastal zones, will create a greater demand on the transportation infrastructure. The report notes there is a need for innovative and collaborative thinking and planning on the parts of planners, engineers, and managers to address this growing problem. Another study, led by the Environmental Protection Agency joined by other agencies, expresses a similar warning on infrastructure and adds a concern for beaches, wetlands and fresh-water supplies that also are threatened due to encroaching saltwater. For more information or to read the report: http://www.nationalacademies.org/morenews/20080311.html; http://climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap4-1/public-review-draft/ |
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| NOAA Requests Comments on Draft Sea Level Rise Report | |
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is seeking comments on the draft report, U.S. Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.1: Coastal elevation and sensitivity to sea level rise (73, Federal Register, p.10005, February 25). The report analyzes information from the ongoing mapping efforts by federal and non-federal researchers related to the implications of rising sea level. The report will also develop a plan for sea level rise research to answer the questions that are most urgent for near-term decision-making. The deadline for comments is April 10, 2008. For more information, visit http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap4-1/public-review-draft/ |
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A Landowners Guide to Carbon Sequestration Credits |
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| Coastal Wetlands and Global Climate Change By Robert Twilley – Pew Center on Global Climate Change – December 2007 In 2007, the science of climate change achieved an unfortunate milestone: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reached a consensus position that human-induced global warming is already causing physical and biological impacts worldwide. For direct link to this study, go to: http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Regional-Impacts-Gulf.pdf |
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| AMWA Releases Report on Threats to Water Systems From Global Warming December 2007 Global warming will raise the risk of water pollution and flood damage to urban water systems, the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) said in a report yesterday titled "Implications of Climate Change for Urban Water Utilities". The association of publicly owned drinking-water systems predicts rising temperatures will increase evaporation and rainfall and decrease snowpack. Nationwide, increased precipitation and flooding could overwhelm wastewater treatment facilities, the report says. Citing U.S. EPA research, the report says most treatment plants and overflow-control programs were designed according to historic water flows and do not take into account sea level rise spurred by rising temperatures. "As a result, it is conceivable that water suppliers will face a continually increased influent challenge from sewage overflows producing high concentrations of Giardia, Cryptosporidium and coliforms," the report says. The report urges planners to consider methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including a re-examination of water transmission and distribution methods to reduce electricity use during peak periods, as well as integrating renewable energy sources like solar or wind-powered pumping. To see the report go to: http://www.amwa.net/galleries/climate-change/AMWA_Climate_Change_Paper_12.13 .07.pdf |
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| CSO Releases Climate Change Adaptation Report CSO Weekly Report – October 2007 This week, the CSO Climate Change Work Group released a report entitled The Role of Coastal Zone Management Programs in Adaptation to Climate Change. The Work Group prepared this report to explore the current and future roles of state coastal zone management programs in addressing the increasing impacts of climate change to the coastal zone. This report aims to: Inform Congress and federal agencies of the role of state coastal zone management programs in addressing climate change; Inform efforts to reauthorize the Coastal Zone Management Act; Inform federal agencies of key research, information, and policy needs; and Provide for information of exchange among coastal states and territories. To download a copy of the report, please go to the following link: http://www.coastalstates.org/documents/CSO%20Climate%20 Change%20Final%20Report.pdf |
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| Adapting to a Changing Climate: Water, Energy, People,” an address by G. Tracy Mehan, III, Former Assistant Administrator for Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, given at a recent reception (October 2007) in Washington, DC. [View in PDF] | |
| NOAA Climate Change Documents Seek Public Comment The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is seeking public comments on two draft climate change publications. The first is The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity found at: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap4-3/public-review-draft/default.htm. Comments are due by October 26, 2007. The second is Uses and Limitations of Observations, Data, Forecasts, and other Projections in Decision Support for Selected Sectors and Regions which can be found at: http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap5-1/public-review-draft/default.htm. Comments are due by November 8. Instructions for commenting are provided on each publication's web page |
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| The Climate Impacts Group, King County, Washington, and ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability are pleased to announce the release of Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments. The guidebook is designed to facilitate planning for climate impacts at the local level by specifying practical steps and strategies that can be used to build community resilience into the future. These steps include creating a climate change preparedness team; identifying community vulnerabilities to climate change; and identifying, selecting, and implementing adaptation options. An electronic copy of the guidebook is available at http://www.cses.washington.edu/cig/fpt/guidebook.shtml (September 2007) Hard copies of the guidebook will be available in October. To request a hard copy, please send me an email (lwb123@u.washington.edu). |
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| New Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management Document Now Available July 2007 A second edition of a popular publication, Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management: Technical and Institutional Issues, was recently published by the North American Lake Management Society. This document revises an earlier 1994 edition and was prepared with support from EPA's Office of Wastewater Management and the Nonpoint Source Control Branch in EPA's Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds. The update is important because of the tremendous amount of new information available as well as the significant shift in stormwater program direction from the historic mitigation-based approach to a more source-based approach. Copies of the document can be found at: http://www.nalms.org:80/Resources/FundamentalsOfUrbanRunoff Management.aspx |
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| Ecology's "Issue Up Close" New Brochure on Climate Change for Washington July 2007 The eight-page brochure is available at the climate change web portal that Ecology hosts for state agencies and state residents: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0701023.pdf |
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Sea-level Rise and Coastal Habitats in the Pacific Northwest An Analysis for Puget Sound, Southwestern Washington, and Northwestern Oregon (July 2007) |
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| Testimony of Hon. Eileen Claussen, President, Pew Center on Global Climate Change at the U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means -- February 28, 2007 Regarding The Effects of Global Warming (mentions carbon sequestration among the action steps) http://www.pewclimate.org/what_s_being_done/in_the_congress/testimony_ feb2807.cfm |
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| Climate Change Affects Water Availability [pdf] Washington State Department of Ecology's "Issue Up Close: Managing our Water Successfully"; page 3. (January 2007) |
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| Climate Change 2007 – Fourth IPCC Assessment Report Released The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), was recently completed. Earlier this year, the three IPCC Working Groups contributions to the AR4 were released. On the 17 of November, the last part of the AR4 was launched: “The Synthesis Report.” For a direct link to the fourth report, go to: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf To access online copies of the other three assessment reports, visit: http://www.ipcc.ch/# |
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| A Skeptic’s Guide to Debunking Global Warming Alarmism By Senator James Inhofe, Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (September 2006) This report includes a challenge to journalists who cover global warming. For a direct link to this report, go to: http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id= 56dd129d-e40a-4bad-abd9-68c808e8809e |
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An Unfavorable Tide—Global Warming, Coastal Habitats and Sportfishing in Florida By Patty Glick, NWF and Jonathan Clough, Warren Pinnacle Consulting, Inc. (June 2006) |
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Pacific Institute – Climate Change Impacts to Water http://www.pacinst.org/topics/water_and_sustainability/climate_change/ |
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| NASA Climate Data http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Home.do?Portal=NASA&Metadata Type=0&homepg |
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| New Yale Forum on Climate Change The Yale Forum on Climate Change & The Media, at www.yaleclimatemediaforum.org, just launched on October 1. For more information, visit the new online journal at the above link. This is a collaboration between Yale and environmental writers association. It is edited by Bud Ward who is very well known at NOAA for editing speeches and articles and writing OpEds. |
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Nova Program on Hurricanes - Is global warming making hurricanes more intense? See a slide show on a presentation by Kerry Emanuel from October 2005 as well as more recent discussion links. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3302/07.html |
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| Sea Level Rise and Coastal Disasters -- A Roundtable Discussion Summary, Washington DC, 2001 http://books.nap.edu/html/ndr/sea_level_rise.pdf |
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| BLOGS ON WETLANDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE | |
| EPA Climate Indicators Report Shows Climate Change is Water Change River Network Blog – April 30, 2010 http://www.rivernetwork.org/blog/7/2010/04/ 30/ epa-climate-indicators-report-shows-climate-change-water-change |
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NASA Gives Kids Their Own Guide to Climate Change |
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| It’s Cold! What Happened to Global Warming! http://www.pewclimate.org/blog/gulledgej/science-question-cold-weather-global-warming | |
| Climate Progress http://climateprogress.org/ |
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Carbon-Based: Climate Change Blog by Brian Thomas |
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Global Climate Solutions |
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Water & Climate Change blog (Climate Ark) |
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JPG Magazine: Global Warming and Wetland Destruction Photo Essay |
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350.org |
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| Wetlands and Climate Change By Tom Pelton – Baltimore Sun.com – October 9, 2007 I had a story in today's paper about the planting of wetlands as a tool to fight climate change. Maryland in 2009 will start a "cap and trade" system for reducing carbon dioxide pollution from power plants. And both the state and Maryland's biggest power company are interested in the idea of using pollution credits -- essentially fines to power companies for spewing too much carbon dioxide -- to pay for the planting of acres of wetlands, which absorb carbon dioxide. Whether or not planting more marsh grass in the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge will do much to stop global warming is a matter of debate. Probably, it could play a small role -- when combined with large cuts in actual carbon dioxide emissions. But pollution credit systems are a hot topic not only in Annapolis, but also in DC and around the world. For example, Barack Obama yesterday outlined his support of a national pollution credit trading system to limit carbon dioxide pollution. "No business will be allowed to emit any greenhouse gases for free,” Mr. Obama said while campaigning Portsmouth, N.H, according to The New York Times. “Businesses don’t own the sky, the public does, and if we want them to stop polluting it, we have to put a price on all pollution.” Constellation Energy, the state's largest owner of power plants, is one of several power companies across the country that support a national cap-and-trade system for cutting down greenhouse gas pollution. In fact, a large coalition of both industrial corporations -- like General Motors and Duke Energy -- and environmental groups -- like the Natural Resources Defense Council -- support a national pollution credit system for attacking climate change. To view this blog, go to: http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bay_environment/ blog/2007/10/wetlands_and_climate_change.html |
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| RealClimate - Climate science from climate scientists http://www.realclimate.org/ |
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| Climate Progress http://climateprogress.org/2007/12/31/sea-levels-may-rise-5-feet-by-2100/ |
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| Environmental Law & Climate Change Law Blog http://taberlaw.wordpress.com/ |
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| USEFUL LINKS & RESOURCES | |||
| Canada | |||
| Environment Canada, Wetlands & Climate Change http://www.ec.gc.ca/water/en/nature/wetlan/e_clim.htm |
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| United States | |||
U.S. Committee on Energy and Commerce’s Climate Change Legislation Discussions |
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| USGS Global Climate Change webpage http://biology.usgs.gov:80/ecosystems/global_change/index.html | |||
| USGS, Global Climate Change & Wetlands, National Wetlands Research Center http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/about/web/climate.htm |
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| Ducks Unlimited, Wetlands & Climate Change http://www.iisd.org/wetlands/ |
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| Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy, University of Alaska, Fairbanks http://www.uaf.edu/accap/ |
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| Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research, Affiliate of University of Alaska http://www.lter.uaf.edu/ |
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| Global Warming in the South, Southern Environmental Law Center http://www.southernenvironment.org/cases/global_warming/index.htm | |||
Future Climate Data Download Available From IPPC IPPC 3rd Assessment data. Future climate projections, calibrated and statistically downscaled using the WorldClim data for 'current' conditions. http://www.worldclim.org/futdown.htm |
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCC] http://www.unfccc.int GHG data: http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/ghg_data_unfccc/items/4146.php |
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Climate Change & Wildlife Management |
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| U.S. Wetlands & Carbon Sequestration Links | |||
| Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership (has good list of recent publications & reports) http://www.bigskyco2.org/ Reports list: http://www.bigskyco2.org/publications.htm |
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| Conservation Fund Carbon Sequestration Program http://www.conservationfund.org/?article=3127 |
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| Duck’s Unlimited Carbon Sequestration Program http://www.ducks.org/Conservation/EcoAssets/1306/CarbonSequestration.html |
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| Great Britian | |||
| Peatlands, Climate Change & Global Carbon Stores http://biology.bangor.ac.uk/~bss113/wetland1.htm |
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| International Organizations | |||
| United Nations Climate Change http://www.unep.org/themes/climatechange/ |
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| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/ |
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